The impact of opioids varies by sex and among the type of opioid used (less, for example, for tapentadol and buprenorphine). Opioid-associated androgen deficiency is correlated with an increased risk of osteoporosis; thus, despite that standards have not been established for monitoring and treating

opioid-induced hypogonadism or hypoadrenalism, all patients chronically taking opioids (particularly at doses bigger than = 100 mg morphine daily) should be monitored for the early detection of hormonal impairment and low bone mass density.”
“Purpose We investigated the efficacy and toxicity of a novel oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) formulation (S-1), administered according to a tailored dose regimen.\n\nMethods S-1 was administered orally for 28 days, followed by 14 days of no treatment, in 23 patients who received a tailored dose of S-1, adjusted on the basis of individual creatinine clearance and body surface DAPT Proteases inhibitor area. In 8 of the patients, pharmacokinetic study was performed on the 6 points on 7th day after S-1 administration.\n\nResults Of the 23 patients enrolled in this study, 2 (8.7 %) had

a partial response and 14 (60.9 %) had stable disease. The disease control rate was 69.6 Semaxanib % (16/23) (95 % confidence interval, 50.8-88.4 %). Grade 3/4 hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities were minor. In the pharmacokinetic study group, the maximum plasma concentration (C (max)) and the area under the plasma concentration curve of 5-FU at all 6 points after administration of the tailored S-1 dose regimen were similar to the values reported in a previous study describing cancer patients with normal renal function who received a standard dose of S-1 (80 mg/m(2)/day).\n\nConclusions Our results suggest that tailored S-1 monotherapy is safe and therapeutically useful as first-line treatment for elderly patients with advanced and recurrent non-small cell lung cancer.”
“A 1.5-y-old female Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) presented with a large subcutaneous mass surrounding the right shoulder. Radiography revealed dislocation of the right humeral articulation and osteolytic lesions

of the right scapula. Histologically, the mass was composed of spindle to stellate cells arranged in fascicles interwoven with delicate collagen fibers, and neoplastic cells infiltrated the bone, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous tissues. Neoplastic Gamma-secretase inhibitor cells stained intensely positive for vimentin and negative for S100 protein, neurofilament, and desmin. A minority of neoplastic cells (10% to 20%) stained moderately for smooth muscle actin. The mass was diagnosed as a fibrosarcoma. Although fibrosarcomas are relatively common in dogs and cats, this is the first report of fibrosarcoma in a domestic Djungarian hamster.”
“We aimed to gain a mechanistic understanding of the role of RACK1 in breast carcinoma migration/metastasis. Migration assays were conducted in breast carcinoma cell lines.

Urinary continence was determined using the self-administered validated Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite questionnaire during the routine follow-up visits.\n\nResults: The overall continence rate 3 months after RARP was 79.9%. In an univariate AZD1208 ic50 logistic regression test, age <70 years, higher preoperative Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) score, lower clinical T-1 stage, lower biopsy and pathologic Gleason score, shorter operative time, lower estimated blood loss, smaller prostate volume (<40 cc) were associated with recovery of urinary continence within 3 months after RARP (P < 0.05). In multivariate logistic regression analysis,

younger age, higher SHIM score, lower clinical T1 stage, lower body mass index (BMI), and smaller prostate volume were

independent factors that predicted return of continence within 3 months after RARP (P < 0.05).\n\nConclusions: Younger age (< 70 years), higher preoperative SHIM score, clinical T1 stage, lower BMI, and smaller prostate volume (< 40 cc) independently predicted recovery of continence within 3 months after RARP.”
“Plants of Chilopsis linearis were grown with 0,50, 100,and 200 mu M Hg [as Hg(CH(3)COO)(2)] and 0 and 50 mu M Au (as KAuCl(4)) in hydroponics. The results showed that seedling grown with 50 mu M Au + 50 mu M Hg and 50 mu M Au + 100 mu M Hg had roots 25 and 55% shorter than control roots, respectively. The element uptake check details determination using ICP/OES demonstrated that Hg at 50 and 100 mu M (with and without Au) significantly increased (p < 0.05) the S concentration HKI-272 research buy in leaves. On the other hand, the concentration of Fe significantly increased in roots of plants treated with Au-Hg.

In addition, the stems of plants treated with Hg at 100 mu M, with and without Au, had 239 and 876 mg Hg/kg dry biomass (d wt), respectively. Also, at 50 mu M Hg, with and without Au, stems accumulated 375 and 475 mg Hg/kg d wt. The Hg concentration in leaves (287 mg Hg/kg d wt) was higher (p < 0.05) for the treatment containing 50 mu M Au + 100 mu M Hg. Without Au, the Hg concentration in leaves decreased to 75 mg Hg/kg d wt. Toxicity symptoms induced by Hg in cortex cells and the vascular system were lower in plants exposed to 50 mu M Au + 50 mu M Hg compared to plants exposed to 50 mu M Hg only. Further, the SEM micrographs revealed deposition of Au-Hg particles inside the root. Although the concentrations of Hg used in this study showed different degree of toxicity, the plants displayed good agronomic value, (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Bio-effects of survival and etching damage on cell surface and DNA strand breaks were investigated in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae after exposure by nitrogen ion with an energy below 40 keV. The result showed that 16% of trehalose provided definite protection for cells against vacuum stress compared with glycerol.

ABA treatment partly https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD6244.html restored the healing ability of older tubers by enhancing the accumulation of SPP without restoring wound-induced superoxide forming ability to the level of younger tubers. The coupling of phenolic monomers

into the poly(phenolic) domain of suberin was therefore not limited by the diminished wound-induced superoxide production of older tubers.”
“Terminal chronic renal failure patients show early insulin resistance (IR), characterised by alterations in the hydrocarbon metabolism and hyperinsulinaemia generally associated with dyslipidaemia and a proinflammatory condition. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality in patients on dialysis. There is a strong association between IR, hyperinsulinism and CV disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of peritoneal dialysis (PD) on IR and its

effects on the subsequent CVD morbidity and mortality in nondiabetic uraemic patients. It involved 69 nondiabetic patients on PD, 35 incident patients (<= LDN-193189 in vivo 3 months on PD) and 34 prevalent patients (>3 months on PD), with 2 estimated insulin resistance measurements 12 months apart using the insulin resistance index (HOMAIR). The mean HOMAIR value in incident patients was 1.8 +/- 1.3 and 2.2 +/- 2.1 at baseline situation and at 12 months respectively (not significant [NZ]) In prevalent patients these values were 2.3 +/- 1.3 and 2.5 +/- 2.2 (NS). In our study, the mean glucose, insulin and IR concentrations measured by the HOMAIR and QUICKI indexes (the latter being

a quantitative control for insulin sensitivity control) were similar at baseline situation and the following year, in both incident and prevalent patients. We did not find Mdm2 inhibitor any significant differences in relation to CVD comorbidity, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure or cerebro vascular or peripheral comorbidity neither in the HOMAIR index or insulin levels. To conclude, nondiabetic patients on PD do not display a significant increase in HOMAIR levels and this remains the case over time when on dialysis.”
“Conflict management is a type of administration which could be administered the association with the most excellent customs and generates equilibrium flanked by organization and employees and eradicate the conflict. Usually, conflict administration is the progression of conflict responsibilities gratitude between intergroup and intergroup and use of conflict methods for eradicates or replicates conflict for organizational usefulness. This investigate is intended to commence conflict supervision and how to use its approaches to adjust this occurrence. This research illustrates that managerial conflict has both informative and disparaging outcome.

(C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“6′-O-galloylpaeoniflorin (GPF) is a galloylated derivate of paeoniflorin and a key chemical constituent of the peony

root, a perennial flowering plant that is widely used as an herbal medicine in East Asia. This study is the first investigation of the cytoprotective effects of GPF against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell injury and death in human HaCaT keratinocytes. GPF demonstrated a significant scavenging capacity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, H2O2-generated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the superoxide anion radical (O-2-), and the hydroxyl radical (center dot OH). GPF also safeguarded HaCaT keratinocytes against H2O2-provoked apoptotic cell death and attenuated oxidative macromolecular damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins. The Poziotinib compound exerted its cytoprotective actions in keratinocytes at least in part by decreasing the number of DNA strand breaks, the levels of

8-isoprostane (a stable end-product of lipid peroxidation), and the formation of carbonylated protein species. Taken together, these results indicate that GPF may be developed as a cytoprotector against ROS-mediated oxidative stress.”
“Objective. To evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of lurasidone in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients switched to lurasidone. Method. Patients in this multicenter, 6-month open-label, flexible-dose, extension study had completed a core 6-week randomized trial in which Napabucasin in vitro clinically stable, but symptomatic, outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were switched to lurasidone. Patients started the extension study on treatment with the same dose of lurasidone taken at study endpoint of the 6-week core study; following this, lurasidone was flexibly dosed (40-120 mg/day), if clinically indicated, starting on Day 7 of the extension

study. The primary safety endpoints were the proportion of patients with treatment emergent adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, or see more who discontinued due to AEs. Secondary endpoints included metabolic variables and measures of extrapyramidal symptoms and akathisia, as well as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S), and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). The study was conducted from August 2010 to November 2011. Results. Of the 198 patients who completed the 6-week core study, 149 (75.3%) entered the extension study and 148 received study medication. A total of 98 patients (65.8%) completed the 6-month extension study. Lurasidone 40, 80, and 120 mg were the modal daily doses for 19 (12.8%), 65 (43.9%), and 64 (43.2%) of patients, respectively. Overall mean (SD) daily lurasidone dose was 102.0 mg (77.1). The most commonly reported AEs were insomnia (13 patients [8.8%]), nausea (13 patients [8.8%]), akathisia (12 patients [8.

Supplementation of cystine and cysteamine to IVM medium reduced ROS levels and aneuploidy while increasing glutathione synthesis and improving pre- and postimplantation development of oocytes from restraint-stressed

mice. Furthermore, injection of the antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate into restraint-stressed mice significantly Acalabrutinib Angiogenesis inhibitor improved the blastocyst formation and postimplantation development of their oocytes. In conclusion, restraint stress at the oocyte prematuration stage impaired the developmental potential of oocytes by increasing oxidative stress and addition of antioxidants to IVM medium or maternal antioxidant injection overcame the detrimental effect of stress-induced oxidative stress. The data reported herein are helpful when making attempts to increase the chances of a successful outcome in human

IVF, because restraint was applied at a stage similar to the FSH stimulation period in a human IVF program.”
“Background and Objectives: selleck compound The purpose of this retrospective study is to suggest the possibility of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) through long-term outcomes.\n\nMethods: Of 283 patients with gastric cancer who underwent LAG with extraperigastric (D2) lymphadenectomy between January 2004 and February 2009, 106 were pathologically

confirmed with AGC and analyzed.\n\nResults: There were 75 men and 31 women, with a mean age of 61.4 +/- 11.7 years. There were 32 total gastrectomies and 74 distal gastrectomies with D2 lymphadenectomy. The mean tumor size was 4.8 +/- 2.6 cm. The mean numbers of retrieved and metastatic lymph nodes were 34.3 https://www.selleckchem.com/products/etomoxir-na-salt.html +/- 15.3 and 5.4 +/- 8.7, respectively. There was no lymph node metastasis in 44 patients (41.5%), and there were 35 grade T2a, 51 T2b, and 20 T3 lesions. There were 10 operation-related morbidities (9.4%) and one postoperative death (0.9%) from hepatic failure. The overall and disease-free survival rates were 81.4% and 72.4%, respectively. Tumors recurred in 17 patients (16.0%) during the follow-up periods (median 21.5 months; range 2-60).\n\nConclusions: LAG for AGC might be considered as a minimally invasive treatment in selected cases, but further study comparing it with open gastrectomy will be needed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:693-698. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic regulatory proteins that repress gene transcription by changing DNA conformation. The regulation of gene expression through histone deacetylation is an important mechanism for the development of the central nervous system.

The results of this study suggest that these three isolates are VP2 variants of BTV 23. This signifies that non-cross-neutralizing variants of the same BTV serotype should be included in vaccine preparation.”
“Background: Language impairment is one of the most CX-6258 troublesome manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this post hoc analysis was to assess the treatment effects of Memantine on language in patients with moderate to severe AD, using the recently developed Severe Impairment Battery-Language (SIB-L)

scale.\n\nMethods: From a combined database including four Memantine clinical trials in moderate-to-severe AD, we analyzed 801 patients with SIB-L scores of <38 and Mini-Mental State Examination scores of <15. Patients were treated with either 20 mg Memantine per day or placebo. Mean changes in SIB-L scores from baseline were calculated. For responder analyses, a change in SIB-L score greater than or equal to the SIB-L measurement error of 3.7 points was considered a clinically relevant response.\n\nResults: The mean

change from baseline in SIB-L score at week 12 and weeks 24/28 (study end) significantly favored Memantine over placebo treatment (P < .0001 and P = .0182, respectively). Overall, more Memantine-treated patients than placebo-treated patients benefited from treatment. The effect was especially pronounced GW4869 solubility dmso in patients with substantial language impairment on the SIB-L (baseline score, <= 20). At weeks 24/28, significantly more Memantine-treated selleckchem patients experienced a clinically relevant improvement (25.4% vs. 10.8%, P = .0414), and significantly fewer patients experienced clinically relevant worsening (32.8% vs. 60.0%, P = .0029).\n\nConclusions: Memantine treatment of AD patients results in significant benefits for language function. Our results suggest that it is worth considering this therapeutic option,

even for AD patients with marked language impairment. (C) 2009 The Alzheimer’s Association. All rights reserved.”
“Multihost pathogens occur widely on both natural and agriculturally managed hosts. Despite the importance of such generalists, evolutionary studies of host-pathogen interactions have largely focused on tightly coupled interactions between species pairs. We characterized resistance in a collection of Arabidopsis thaliana hosts, including 24 accessions collected from the Midwest USA and 24 from around the world, and patterns of virulence in a collection of Pseudomonas syringae strains, including 24 strains collected from wild Midwest populations of A. thaliana (residents) and 18 from an array of cultivated species (nonresidents). All of the nonresident strains and half of the resident strains elicited a resistance response on one or more A. thaliana accessions.

Subsequent colonization of early crown-group angiosperms occurred during the Early Cretaceous, but this alone evidently

did not lead to an immediate and major diversification event in weevils. Comparative trends in weevil diversification and angiosperm dominance reveal that massive diversification began in the mid-Cretaceous (ca. 112.0 to 93.5 Ma), when angiosperms first rose to widespread floristic dominance. These and other evidence suggest a deep and complex history of coevolution between weevils and angiosperms, including codiversification, resource tracking, and sequential evolution.”
“A novel combined procedure for estrogen-affinity purification and labelling of estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain with Cy (TM) 5.5 cystein reactive dye was established. By using this procedure, mainly functional proteins learn more are recovered. It can be easily adapted to a large variety of other proteins for which ligand-coated affinity materials are available. The labelled receptor was used in a total internal reflection fluorescence-based binding inhibition assay for determination of the impact of pollutants in river water on the receptor. The great advantage compared to conventional methods is that the total effect on the receptor is measured instead of concentrations of single compounds and that even currently unknown ligands are found

as well. Therefore, the obtained signal is related to the response of the organism, which is exposed to the water. The limit of detection was found to be 0.139 nM of estradiol equivalents. BIX 01294 purchase The assay also provides a highly sensitive tool for pharmaceutical research and can be adapted

to diagnostic applications.”
“Cell mechanics is a highly interdisciplinary research area which has made significant progress over the last decade, particularly in the study of human diseases. In diseases such as malaria and cancer, diseased cells undergo changes in both composition and organization of its cellular structures, which may eventually manifest as changes VX-680 Cell Cycle inhibitor in the cell mechanical properties such as size and shape, deformability and cell adhesion. Despite the development of state-of-the-art experimental tools to manipulate and probe the cellular mechanical properties, microfluidics has emerged as an enabling technology for study of cell and molecular mechanics due to its numerous inherent advantages including small length scale, reduced sample and reagent volumes and low device cost. This paper presents an overview of the recent efforts in the study of cellular biomechanics using microfluidic approaches. Different areas of studies such as probing of cellular mechanical properties, cell separation using physical biomarkers (size, deformability, density) and effect of shear stress on cellular behavior and responses will be highlighted.

Conclusions Knowledge of compensate magnitudes appears to play a role in intellectual management irrespective of opinions size. The manipulation associated with compensate expectancy seems to result in different approaches for mental control, causing a new bottom-up aftereffect of external cues, or possibly a top-down influence provided by the particular anticipations associated with incoming benefits. It is really an early research to uncover achievable higher purchase modulators : expectation and motivation- associated with mental manage. This approach is designed to achieve insight into various psychopathological circumstances related to impulsivity along with altered incentive programs including Add, adhd Overactive Problem (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), character disorders, drug abuse, pathological wagering along with mental aspects of Parkinson Condition. Electronic second substance The net sort of this post (15.1186/s40359-019-0332-x) includes supplementary buy Alpelisib substance, that is available to approved customers.Inches”Background Tumour area offered just as one essential prognostic factor in glioma sufferers was shown to postulate molecular functions based on mobile or portable origin theory. However, anatomic distribution regarding special molecular subtypes has not been commonly researched. The partnership among molecular phenotype as well as histological subgroup have been furthermore imprecise determined by tumor location. We is targeted on study regarding glioma anatomic area regarding distinctive molecular subgroups and also histology subtypes, and also looks at the possibility of his or her persistence depending on medical background. Approaches We Urease retrospectively analyzed 143 circumstances with both molecular information (IDH1/TERT/1p19q) along with MRI pictures recognized while cerebral soften gliomas. Your anatomic submission ended up being examined among exclusive molecular subgroups and its romantic relationship along with histological subtypes. The actual affect regarding tumour location, molecular stratification along with histology diagnosis upon survival effects were looked into as well. Results Anatomic places associated with cerebral soften glioma indicate varied clinical final result. Depending on that, it could be stratified directly into several main molecular subgroups based on IDH1/TERT/1p19q position. Triple-positive (IDH1 and TERT mutation with 1p19q codeletion) glioma somewhat oligodendroglioma usual to far better specialized medical result compared to TERT mutation only team that is glioblastoma willing (mean general survival Twenty?several weeks As opposed to 20?several weeks). Several molecular subgroups were shown along with unique locational distribution. This sort of anatomic feature can be in step with their corresponding histological subtypes. Dialogue Each molecular subgroup within glioma features unique anatomic location showing special scientific end result. Molecular prognosis works well while JQ1 clinical trial excellent contrasting application for your accurate medical diagnosis. Intergrated , involving histomolecular prognosis will be considerably more helpful in program scientific apply later on.Inch”Background There is problem how the bodily proportions of favor store mannequins are so skinny and also promote improbable entire body ideals. To date there is simply no methodical examination of the dimensions of high-street manner shop mannequins. Strategies All of us surveyed country wide trend stores located on the high-street involving two British towns.

Electronic extra materials The net version of this informative article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0476-9) includes supplementary content, which is accessible to authorized customers.In .”Background The role of drugs in culture is apparently dedicated to 2 views, which might be defined the next: ??Doing much more means carrying out better?? (model The) and ??Doing more does not always mean undertaking better?? (model B). Principal system I in comparison paradigms A new and W both in regards to one particular medical situation as well as in the circumstance of an health-related system. For a solitary clinical condition, We analyzed breast cancer verification. You can find no less than several connected problems that affect your clash in between paradigms A along with W inside the controversy about cancers of the breast testing: disconnection between analysis and use; deficiency of knowledge provided to ladies; exactly how ??political correctness?? is going to influence selecting a fitness coverage; expert interests; questions concerning performance; incommensurability involving causes harm to as well as positive aspects; as well as the trouble AZD2281 to make dichotomous judgements with individually distinct parameters. Being a standard method of remedies, the key associated with paradigm Any will be systems medicine. Because representatives of paradigm W, We discovered the following methods or perhaps moves: selecting prudently; watchful ready; the Excessive Remedies advertising campaign; gradual treatments; issues towards overdiagnosis; and also quaternary reduction. My partner and i indicated that both as being a solitary condition in addition to being an overall method of medicine, your ABT199 comparability ended up being fully reducible into a harm-benefit investigation; furthermore, in each case, the two paradigms come in a lot of aspects incommensurable. This moves the talk to the moral degree; therefore, experts and the public have got equivalent privileges as well as proficiency to debate with this AZD2281 topic. Furthermore, techniques medication has lots of honourable conditions may limit their propagate. Conclusion My spouse and i made a number of concepts about circumstances in the future of drugs. We especially devoted to whether systems treatments would likely turn into progressively available and widespread in the population or if it could be reduced because its pledges are not preserved or perhaps moral troubles can be unsustainable.Inch”Background The growing difficulty and also variability in radiology have got drastically supported the need for guidelines. There are lots of means of examining along with employing recommendations however; and also receiving enduring adjustments may be hard. Implementation result’s typically assessed in a decline in unwarranted tests, as well as qualitative info are rarely utilized. This study??s goal was to examine the guideline setup procedure as well as discover components influencing implementation result using qualitative information.

Slug immunopositivity in epithelial cells was correlated with clinicopathological parameters and disease prognosis over up to 7.5 years for ESCC patients. Results: Increased expression of Slug was observed in esophageal dysplasia [cytoplasmic, 24/61 (39.3%) cases, p = 0.001, odd's ratio (OR) = 4.7; nuclear, 11/61 (18%) cases, p smaller than 0.001, OR = 1.36] in comparison

with normal esophageal tissues. The Slug expression was further increased in ESCCs [cytoplasmic, 64/91 (70.3%) p smaller than 0.001, OR = 10.0; nuclear, 27/91 (29.7%) p smaller than 0.001, OR = 1.42]. Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed significant association of nuclear Slug accumulation with reduced disease free survival of ESCC patients (median disease 10058-F4 free survival (DFS) = 6 months, as compared to those that did not show overexpression, DFS = 18 months; p = 0.006). In multivariate Cox regression analysis nuclear Slug expression [p=0.005, Hazard's ratio (HR) = 2.269, 95% CI = 1.289 -3.996] emerged as the most significant independent URMC-099 predictor of poor

prognosis for ESCC patients. Conclusions: Alterations in Slug expression occur in early stages of development of ESCC and are sustained during disease progression. Slug may serve as a diagnostic biomarker and as a predictor of poor disease prognosis to identify ESCC patients that are likely to show recurrence of the disease.”
“Limb ischemia-reperfusion (LI/R) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, critical trauma survivors can present cognitive impairment. check details Cognitive function, survival rate, oxidative stress and neuronal health were examined to elucidate (1) the magnitude of cognitive effects of prolonged reperfusion, (2) potential players in the mechanistic pathway mediating such effects, and (3) possible benefits of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment at Baihui (GV20), Yanglingquan (GB34), Taichong (LR3), Zusanli (ST36) and Xuehai (SP10) acupoints. LI/R was induced in rats by placing a rubber tourniquet on

each hind limb for 3 h, and the animals were evaluated periodically for 7 d after LI/R. Rats subjected to LI/R had significantly lower survival rates, and displayed evidence of brain injury and cognitive dysfunction (as determined by the Morris water maze test) 1 d and 3 d after reperfusion compared to sham-operated controls. LI/R also resulted in higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), microglial activation, and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity within Comu Ammonis area 1 (CA1) of the hippocampus. Depressed survival rates, microglial activation, oxidative damage, and histological changes, as well as cognitive dysfunction were partially or fully attenuated in rats that received 14 d of EA prior to LI/R.